IttJG  2  0 1914 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


,  WIAS 


KTJBICAM      ;JJ 
MANUAL  OF  SHOKTHAND 


DEVELOPED  AND  TAUGHT 


RUBiCAM  BUSINESS  SCHOOL 


5V.  LOUIS,  MO. 


SECOND  EDITION 


PUBLISHED   BY 

RUBICAM    BUSINESS    SCHOOL 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO.,  U.  S.  A. 


Copyright,  1911 

by 

WUBICAM  SHORTHAND  COLLE^F 
St.  Louis.  Mo.,  IT.  S,  .& 

All  rights  reserved. 


GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS. 


ALPHABET— Draw  the  alphabet  carefully  and  accu- 
rately 5  times;  compare  each  stroke  with  the  original 
copy ;  name  each  stroke  as  you  draw  it ;  present  to 
the  teacher  for  approval. 

RULES — As  you  take  up  each  new  rule,  draw  the 
alphabet  carefully  and  accurately  5  times  in  the  5 
different  positions,  applying  this  rule;  spell  out  each 
stroke  as  you  draw  it;  present  to  the  teacher  for 
approval. 

WORD  EXERCISES — Write  in  shorthand  one  line  of 

each  word,  using  only  the  sounded  letters;  present 

u>  to  the  teacher  for  approval;  read  the  words  from 

tli  your  shorthand  notes  forward  and  backward  until 

you  can  read  them  as  smoothly  as  if  they  were 

ce  written  in  longhand. 

5 

ES  WORD  SIGNS — Word  signs  must  be  thoroughly  mem- 
orized, so  they  can  be  written  and  read  rapidly  and 
accurately. 

S 

PHRASING — Write  and  read  the  phrasing  until  it  can 
z  be  written  and  read  rapidly  and  accurately. 

<c 

SENTENCES— Write  in  shorthand  one  copy  of  each 

sentence  and  present  to  the  teacher  for  approval; 

u  then  write  each  sentence  carefully  and  accurately  10 

times,   reading  each  sentence  backward  after  you 

have  written  it. 

LETTERS— Write  in  shorthand  a  copy  of  the  letter; 
present  to  the  teacher  for  approval;  then  write  it 
carefully  and  accurately  50  times,  reading  each  copy 
backward  after  you  have  -written  it. 

READING  EXERCISES  -  Practice  reading  the  short- 
hand notes  forward  and  backward  until  you  can 
read  them  as  rapidly  as  if  they  were  written  in 
longhand. 


448363 


„  c 

MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


ALPHABET, 

\     a  V    r 


o     s 


X?    h  CD  •  x 

=D    /  \     y  or  /y 

5 

C/    j  written  upward  c      ^ 
/      k        "             "  ch  written  upward 

/         /        "  "  cr —  s/i 

^ — -,    m  6       squ  written  upward 

^_^    n  (\      th 

-   o  1 1       ^w  or  cfw 

X  p  written  upward  ^     wh 

/     qu      "  O     ses 

Note— -For  c  either  s  or  A  is  used,  according  to  sound, 

as,  c  in  cent  has  the  sound  of  s;  c  in  can  has  the  sound 
of  k, 


READING  AND   WRITING  EXERCISES.  3 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  ALPHABET. 

1        w      r        b        p 

/^    ~^\\  J 

Quarter  Circle  Strokes        /  \  v_     _X    _^ 

The  stroke  p  should  be  written  with  more  slant  than  b. 

P        b 
as,     _-^/ 

d       f      m       n 
Arc  Strokes         V 


h      i       u      x        th        wh 
Half-Length  Strokes   .      /?    =D     0     <=>       fl          & 

g      k       t      v 


to 


Straight  Strokes 


1° 


a        e        jo      cu       ch    tw  or  dw 
Hook  Strokes    \      f    C/  c— 

s  z 

Two  Alike       0  o         (smallest  legible  circle) 


j         k       1       p       qu       ch       squ        /£ 


Upward  Strokes 


-^The  j  is 


is  made  with  a  large  hook.      The   ch  is  made 
with  a  small  hook. 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

RULE  I  — POSITION. 

Placing  any  stroke  in  a  vowel  position  adds  the  vowel. 

There  are  five  vowels  in  the  English  language :     a,  e, 
o,  u. 


6 

" — a "o 

U 


i  position  is  above  the  line,  not  touching. 
e  is  above  the  line,  touching, 

a  crosses  the  line. 

o  is  below  the  line,  touching, 

u      "         is  below  the  line,  not  touching. 


The  stroke  must  be  read  first,  vowel  second. 


in  i  position  spells  bi  (by,  buy,  bye) 
:..J..b   "  e       "  "      be  (be,  bee) 

...J...b  "  a       '*  "     ba  (bay,  baa) 

......  b  "  o       "  "bo  (bow,  beau,  bough) 

...b  "  u       "  "     bu  (boo,  bu) 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


POSITION  RULE. 

CAUTION— Keep  I  and  U  near  the  line  of  writing. 
*  Denotes  strokes  written  upward. 


\ 


1 


(( 


o. 


6  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

"When  a  word  begins  with  sh,  use  the  sh  stroke: 

as,  shy ?Z 

"When  sh  occurs  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a 
/  word,  use  the  s  and  h  strokes;  as,  wash  ..    .Tx^ 


After  the  strokes  6,  f,  and  w,  ch  is  written  downward;  as, 
beach  .....*/...  fetch h watch 


K  and  /  may  be  written  upward  or  downward;  use 
the  one  that  makes  the  better  angle  with  the  preceding 
or  succeeding  stroke;  as, 


m-k  m-1       n-k         n-1         k-m          k-h 


H  and  th  may  be  written  open  at  the  top  or  bottom; 
use  the  one  that  makes  the  better  angle  with  the  pre- 
ceding or  succeeding  stroke;  as, 

h-k          th-k         h-v         th-v        m-h         n-h 


buy 

view 

day  ... 

patch          /^ 

\ 

some           

y       V 

V_ 

rye          p 

\  mav_. 

see 

fee 

hue  weigh      they      new      woke      wish      pack      why 

rich  know     cue     show     tea     lieu     die    though    make 

rake  quick      nail       say       bee      jay      lie     like      pan 

guy  page       due       bay       squaw      too       few       batch. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


WORD    SIGNS. 


A  word  sign  is  a  short  outline  standing  for  a  word. 


k    stroke  in  o  position,    company 


g        "        "    e        "  gentlemen 


1C  t( 


if  t< 


"    e 


gentleman 
will- well 
all 


you 

is-his 


or-are-our 


A  tick  is  a  quarter  length  straight  stroke. 
A  tick  in  the  direction  of   t  is  I  or  the    . 


"         "   g  is  a,  an,  or  and 


MANUAL  Otf  SHORTHAND. 


PHRASING. 


Phrasing  in  shorthand  is  the  joining  together  of  two 
or  more  simple  words  that  are  easily  written  and  read 
together. 

In  phrasing,  when  the  a-an-and  vertical  tick  does 
not  make  a  good  angle  with  the  preceding  stroke,  strike 
a  tick  horizontally  to  the  left. 

In  phrasing,  when  the  I-the  horizontal  tick  does  not 
make  a  good  angle  with  the  preceding  stroke,  use  the 
K  tick. 

..     *  j 

and  I  L......_  by  a  r^__ 

) 
and  a  ...r1 by  the 


and  we       i 

are  the      V^ 

and  I  will     L/ 

and  is 

do  a   _ and  I  do  the 

to  the  ..._  and  a  few 

V 

is  a  ...;.. P....  gentleman  the 


see  the Q_ gentleman  and. 

The  first  word  of  a  phrase  takes  position. 
A  tick  is  not  counted  as  a  word  in  phrasing. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


9 


The  hyphenated  words  are  to  be  phrased. 


.J?_.. / _  •      •  0  , 

You-may  pay-the  gentleman  $6.40.  &  * 

^    *j 


•n- 


, 


They  know  no  way  to  buy-the  rug. 

She  says-the  judge  will  pay-you  all-the  money. 
They  know  why  we  push-the  sale. 
He  saw  me  pay-you-the  money. 
Do  you  owe-the-Company  $78.00  ? 
You-may  show-the  gentlemen-the  way. 
You-may  say  we  wish-you  to-do  welL 
They -will  weigh -the  hay  today. 


colon    v 


Shorthand  Punctuation  Marks, 
period     \/ 
interrogation  point 
dash 


parentheses 


comma 


paragraph  sign 
quotation  marks 


Two  dots  under  a  stroke  denote  a  proper  name. 


Figures. 

$8.60          $86.00  $8600  $86,000 

8w  86  (  86^-7  86 


$86,000,000 
86  ^S~ 


h 


/ 


10 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE    2. 


R  is  added  to  any  stroke  (except  s,  z,  ses)  by  snading 


it. 


The  stroke    must    always  be    read  first,  vowel  and 
shading  can  be  interchanged. 


'J 


f 


\ 


.A...V. 


These  characters  are  read  air  ari  aer  are  aar 
ara  aor  aro  aur  aru  bir  bri  ber  bre  bar  bra 
bor  bro  bur  bru. 


READING  AND  WRITING  r,XI;RCISF.S. 


11 


tire     T— : deer  ...(.. 

where     6?.. grew 


fray  ) 


cheer 


mark 


maker . 


throw 


jar 


cure. 


packer 


-_/ 


J 


dry  -rrtdyor  buyer  higher  fire  four  crew  through 
tore  dare  peer  work  broker  care  lower  wire 
sheer  joker  pusher  poorer  catcher 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


WORD  SIGNS. 


business 


as-has _ 


us-use-ed-ful 


m-any. 


satisfy-ed-tion 


think-thank 


> give-gave-given advantage-ous  .J 

hope ™.... _.. 


PHRASING. 


Or,  are,   our,  are   added   to  one-syllable  words   by 
shading  them.' 


may  our 


he  or 


to  our 


they  are  »...^J. be  our, 

all  our  ...y^TT...., in  our .. 

by  our rr^. do  our . 


go  our 


our 


of  our.,-./... 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


Gentlemen : 

Will  you   give-the  money  to-the  gentleman,  as  we 
know  he- will  do-the  work  satisfactorily  for-you. 

We  hope-you-will  see-your  buyer-and  try  to  satisfy- 
your-company  of  his  power  to-do-the  work  well. 

Yours  truly, 


READING  EXERCISE. 


r? 


T ^v 


*) 


MANUAL,  OF  SHORTHANa 


RULE   3. 


N,  m,  or  1  is  added  to  all  strokes  (except  s,  y,  z,  ses )  by 
writing  them  a  little  less  than  twice  the  normal  length. 

Strokes  must  be  read  first,  vowel   and  lengthening 

principles  can  be  interchanged;  as L.JL would  read 

ban  or  bna,  bam  or  bma,  bal  or  bla. 

As  n  is  used  more  frequently  in  the  English  language 
than  m  or  /,  the  preference  in  the  lengthening  principle 
is  given  to  n. 

In  writing  one-syllable  words,  where  the  meaning 
would  be  doubtful  if  the  lengthening  principle  were  ap- 
plied, write  the  word  in  full;  as, 


mine.... 


mill 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


15 


telegram 


beam 


\ 


flow 


promptly. 


mill 


curtail 


file 


gone 


train 


manner 


gram 


puller 


bill  horn  man  blame  chin  them  wool  broken 
frame  roam  blow  then  when  runner  climb 
deem  fill  line  clever  dwell  cool  meal  name 
team  towel  game  dinner  frame  plainer  rumor 
miner  grammar  drawn  item  blank  plank. 


16  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

WORD  SIGNS. 

have-half \ yet  .\ ..„. 

ever-very-every A from-form ..^ 

favor V. take-took- taken. 

PHRASING. 


All,  will,  or  well  is  added  to  unshaded  words  of  one 
syllable  by  lengthening  them;  in  or  than  is  added  to 
shaded  words  of  one  syllable  by  lengthening  them;  as, 


They  will  do  alL-1/ -.  more  than 


READING  EXERCISE. 


J 

* 


<?... 
o 


READING  AND   WRITING  EXERCISES. 


17 


We-think  we-can  buy-the  car  of  grain  for-you  today. 

Do-all  you-can  for  every  man  of  every  color-and  size. 

They-all  say  more  than  they  think. 

Do  you  know-all  there- is  to  learn  ? 

The  company  will  cease  business  when-your  loan  is 

due. 

The  advantage,  if-any,  is  yours. 
The  men  will  buy  more  coal  than  they-can  use. 
They- will-do-all  they-can  to  finish-the  work  today. 


18  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  4. 

T,  d,  or  th  is  added  to  all  strokes  (except  s,  y,  z,  ses)  by 
writing  them  a  little  more  than  half  the  normal  length. 

The  stroke  must  always  be  read  first,  vowel  and  half- 
lengthening  principles  can  be  interchanged;  as,  ......../  .......... 

would  read  bat  or  bta,  bad  or  bda,  bath  or  btha. 

As  t  is  used  more  frequently  in  the  English  language 
than  d  or  th,  the  preference  in  half  lengthening  is  given 
to  t. 

When  t,  d,  or  th  and  n,  m,  or  /  occur  together,  always 
give  the  preference  to  the  half-lengthening  principle;  as, 
found.  _____  ....... 

<*~s 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


19 


A  consonant  made  half  length  at  the  end  of  a  word 
adds  nt  or  nd;  as,  treatment  ....?~^  ......      If  m  does  not 

make  a  good  angle  in  joining  it  to  the  preceding  stroke, 
use  n;  as,  payment  .......  .J^.LQ.. 

that  ........  Q  ..........  thought  ..............  .         tight  ....—  ........ 

\ 
write     ^7  ...........  get  _  ........  I.  .........  cheat  ....G/...I.  • 

made  ......  /ens_  .........         rate  ......  _v^.  .......  freight  ...A  ...... 

quote  _  ....................         put   ....................  both  .......  ........ 


rid  paid  would  torment  could  hat  guide  food 
wet  let  violent  debt  good  light  patent  might 
matter  prevent  read  fought  road  vote  intelligent 
weight  white  what  tweed  leader  letter  quite 
better  should  between  hidden  further  future 
relent  vacate  tangent. 


20 


9 

be  fore -belong 


MANUAL,  OF  SHORTHAND. 


WORD  SIGNS. 


defend-ant 


beyond 


develop-ed-ment  ..../ _. 


object 


immediately 


observe-ed-tion 


into. 


month-ly 


glad 


PHRASING. 

To,  it,  or  not  may  be  added  to  one-syllable  words  by 
half-lengthening  them:  as,  do  not 

READING  EXERCISE. 


v  vV 


A 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES.  21 


Will-the  company  let-us  submit  our  bid? 

.They  thought  that-you  might  like  that  plan  better. 

Do-not-do-it  that-way. 

I  observe  that  he  objected  to-the  development  of-our 
plant. 

From  what  I  could  learn,  they  wanted-the  matter  set- 
tled in-a  great  hurry. 

The  vote  may  put  his  deed  in-a  new  light  before  this 

matter  is  settled. 

The  teacher  knew  that  you  could  do-the  work  well. 
Your  favor  of-the  6th  has-not  been  received. 


/    J 

rtr^'"^ **?- 


f        ^ .  Of 

JL /U--~X .^s,...5W. / •*:•-"• r-~^~* — * 

^-  '  X 


? 

.......I. *^...._.....\ if >O——rv"i >!*..«.*i'~"«——«""'«"—""— •••••" —• 


22  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  5. 

S  is  added  to  all  strokes  (except  s  and  z)  by  writing 
a  small  circle  on  the  right  side  of  down  strokes,  left  side 
of  up  strokes,  inside  of  curved  strokes,  upper  side  of 
horizontal  strokes. 

Ses,  sez,  zes,  or  zez  is  added  by  writing  a  large  circle 
in  the  same  manner. 

St  or  zd  is  added  by  writing  a  loop  in  the  same  manner. 
St  shaded  is  str. 


Lbl 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES.  23 


Common  prefixes  such  as— in,  con,  re,  dis,  mis,  etc., 
are  written  in  position  of  root  syllable;  as,  mistrust. 


nice     ^7^ losses dispense 


prices      _X  weighs      <  forces 


J 


resist raised v_ largest .... 

feast u._...  succeed 


success 


size  misses  cost  must  pays  display  gross  soon 
said  says  seems  distrust  just  dismiss  mislaid 
receive  whose  these  twice  goes  services  submit 
persons  sum  goods  matters  dealers  reason  sinks 
guest  substance  settlement  schemes  explains 
notices  dispatch  searches  statement  master 
system  days  less  president  response  recur 
insist  sash  mistake  disperse. 


24  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

WORD  SIGNS. 

subject advice-advise  .., 

J 

recognize-ed-tion  ^^ possible-ly 

disappoint-ed-ment superintend-ent 

advertise-ed-ment  ....S^ 

READING  EXERCISE. 

^U  J>  ^     \       £    ^     _ 

j  j     r*- 

-*• • -^^ '• v '• 


/.  ~J.  /?.       ~  **.  $. 
"*\ 

' 5 " "' 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES.  25 


Gentlemen : 

We  today  received  your  letter  of  the  10th  inst.  Our 
superintendent  says  it  will-  not  be  possible  for  us  to  hoist 
the  material  to  the  second  floor  of  your  store. 

"When  we  quoted  you  our  prices  you  knew  you  had 
to  pay  the  transfer  costs  from  our  warehouse. 

"We  will  hold  the  goods  subject  to  your  wishes,  but 
would  like  to  have  this  matter  settled  as  soon  as  possible. 

Yours  truly, 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  6. 

A  tick  in  the  direction  of  K  adds  ng  or  ing;  shaded, 
adds  shun,  tion,  sion,  cean,  tial,  cial. 


i£/. A....A LI. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


27 


N  denotes  un  or  in.     N  half  lengthened  and  shaded 
denotes  in tri,    iniro,  enter,  etc.,  as,  introduce 


position 


motion 


sewing 


edition 


•70- 


location 


ocean 


prevention 


petition 


bearing 

caution ,/_ 

interceding  .    T. 


proportion 


wasting  mission  interpret  laying  session  hiding 
invention  fashion  inspiration  waiting  possession 
reading  unbalanced  physician  quoting  sensation 
coming  decision  running  billing  nothing  inter- 
sperse intervene  interviewing  insisting  undesirable 
addition  entertaining  influential. 


28  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


WORD  SIGNS. 

under ^^_ notwithstanding  _...iOI.1_. 

understand <? such-shall-shipped ...  t. 


understood  thing 


READING  EXERCISE. 
I  i  i?     ** 

\o...t/_ gz £:..& 


/-. 


READING  AND  .WRITING  EXERCISES.  29 


They   are   shipping   you   by  today's  express  a  new 
sample  of  our  line  of  goods. 

He  advised  us  that  he  has  been  using  the  rating  cards 
for  the  past  five  years. 

If  desired,  I  will  send  you  the  whole  list. 

Our  cars  are  in  your  warehouse  under  your  care. 

He  now  has  possession  of  the  letters  in  question. 

The  prices  of  our  goods  are  very  reasonable. 

We  were  fortunate  in  immediately  securing  fair  rules. 

Do  you  wish  us  to  furnish  you  the  material  for  the 
work? 


30  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  7. 

A  tick  in  the  direction  of  Y  adds  ly;  shaded,  adds  ry. 

When  Y  does  not  make  a  good  angle,  write  it  horizon- 
tally to  the  left. 


LL  .....  zZlll  I**. 


..........  -1  J 

L    L      -^ 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES.  31 


/  denotes  im  or  il;  as,  impartial        * 


SM  denotes  circum;  as,  circumstance 

hurry  _ likely <_ daily _/ 

x?  A 

imagine.  .._<--_ lowly ^ duly 

factory     \.    -  pulley  illustrate 

highly <.....  flurry  ...  machinery 


merely  cheerily  impulse  sweetly  rightly  wisely 
miserly  slowly  extremely  circulation  clearly 
nearly  poorly  substantially  hardly  impression 
illogical  implicit  important  supply  gallery  quickly 
carefully  immense  scarcely  story. 


32  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


WORD  SIGNS. 


which  except 


each  accept 


much  ...  extra 


ult-until 

READING  EXERCISE. 


J 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


33 


Gentlemen : 

"We  take  pleasure  in  sending  you  our  daily  bulletin. 
We  are  having  our  advertising  matter  printed  now.  We 
thank  you  for  writing  us,  but  -we  cannot  accept  your 
proposition,  as  the  present  rate  of  freight  is  $11.50  placed 
in  front  of  our  factory. 

Kindly  let  us  hear  from  you  as  soon  as  possible  if  this 
is  satisfactory  to  you. 

Yours  truly, 


34 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  8. 

Ty  or  dy  is  added  to  all  strokes  by  writing  a  slight 
retracing  curve  at  the  end. 

Try  or  dry  is  added  by  shading  the  retracing  curve. 


u 


.2S // 


X.I 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


K  denotes  con,  com,  coun,  cog;  as,  continue 
K  half  lengthened  and  shaded  denotes  contri,  contra, 
contro,  counter;  as,  contradict....,] , 


sundry 

already Z! 

guaranty I 


country 


tardy  ... 


comply... 
quality.  . 


property. 


control . 


practically 


controversy  authority  complaint  locality  content 
foundry  condition  cognizant  party  contain  Sunday 
formality  consequence  contradict  hearty  petty 
county  complicate  contract  particularly  construe 
counterbalance  control  sensibility  comment 
uncommon 


36  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


PHRASING. 

A  tick  through  a  stroke  denotes  an  abbreviation;  as, 
Missouri.....^,.... 

D  written  through  a  stroke  denotes  department;  as, 
hardware  dept.. 


K  written   through   a   stroke   denotes    express;   as, 
limited 


P  written  /through  a  stroke  denotes  party;  as.  Demo- 
cratic 


S  written  through  a  stroke  denotes  society;  as,  secret 

yf 

society  ....<j£  ___  ....... 

READING  EXERCISES. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


37 


"We  guarantee  the  safety  of  our  machinery  in  our 
factory. 

"We  take  this  time  to  say  that  we  do  not  think  the 
sending  of  the  notice  makes  any  difference  in  this  case  to 
the  mailing  department. 

We  have  been  well  known  to  the  other  party  for  the 
past  forty  years. 

"We  have  no  hesitancy  in  saying  just  what  we  think 
of  the  quality  of  the  goods. 

The  Select  Society  of  Pennsylvania  has  practically  no 
authority  to  decide  the  question. 

The  property  is  already  leased  for  the  season  to  the 
Northern  Express  Co. 


448363 


38  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  9. 

FINAL  HOOKS. 

F  or  v  is  added  to  a  stroke  by  writing  a  small  hook  at 
the  end  on  the  right  side  of  down  strokes,  the  left  side 
of  up  strokes,  upper  side  of  horizontal  strokes,  and 
inside  of  curved  strokes;  as,  five..... . ,  muff. 

P  or  b  is  added  by  writing  a  large  hook  in  the  same 
manner;  as,  knob. ..,  trip,  or  tribe..—3. 

These  hooks  can  be  written  on  all  strokes  except  the 
half  lengths  and  circles.  P  or  b  may  be  shaded  for  r;  as, 
neighbor  ..^j^f. 

for  v — p  or  b. 


.  ,.LL 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


39 


FINAL  HOOKS— Continued. 

J  or  g  is  added  to  a  stroke  by  writing  a  small  hook  at 
the  end  on  the  side  opposite  to  that  used  for  for  v;  as, 
peg */.. rage..  \^.^ 

These  hooks  can  be  written  on  all  strokes  except  hall 
lengths  and  circles. 

PHRASING. 

G  hook  denotes,  give,  gave,  given. 

For  vhook  denotes  have,  of,  /aver/as,  you  have-^- — 

P  or  b  hook  denotes  be,  been;  as,  shall  be & 

U  at  the  end  of  a  stroke  denotes  a  final  o  or  u;  as 
virtue  ^ tomorrow  ......      

The  a  tick  at  the  end  of  a  stroke  denotes  a  final  a  or 
e;  as,  delay  \ 

The  g  hook  closed  denotes  gs;  as,  charges. 


40  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

WORD  SIGNS. 

represent-ed-republic  V^ manufacture ^ 

govern-ed-ment public-publish-ed 

c 

establish-ed-ment...o^I) difficult 

memorandum  ^^ : diploma-cy-atic 

duplicate 


C 


drive  .....V believe c^^...        .   reply. 


gage 


relative  .  VJL grape  .... 


jobber  stability  0 ^  legible 

(  V 

deliver AA_..  relieve  _..:s»3_...  leave  ... 


life  moving  surplus  neighbor  paper  people 
probable  popular  rough  convenience  proof  wages 
woven  proper  cheap  legal  prescribe  refer  lumber 
reference  drop  brag  paragraph  remember  vague 
judgment  charge  changes. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES.  41 


The  judge  has  given  the  charges  to  the  jury. 

You  must  remember  that  there  will  be  no  freight 
to  pay  to  the  Refrigerator  Co. 

The  petition  in  the  case  charges  that  the  plaintiff  was 
in  the  wrong. 

A  change  has  been  made  in  the  public  policy. 

We  issue  certificates  of  Foreign  Exchange. 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  5th  inst.  -will  state  that 
we  carry  a  staple  line  of  pipe  for  stove  repairs. 

Members  of  the  Board  differ  as  to  a  definite  report. 

There  is  a  large  margin  of  profit  in  the  manufacture  of 
these  goods. 

"We  give  you  herewith  all  information  respecting  this 
case. 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


RULE  10. 
INITIAL  HOOKS. 

A  small  hook  written  at  the  beginning  on  the  inside  of 
curved  strokes  and  before  straight  strokes  is  a  or  e.  as, 
after  .....  _./  ..... 


A  large  hook  is  o  or  u;  as.  occur.. 

7 


jo  C  C     *)  11  7?  rr 

«^:...-X  .......  \.-..\  .........  /  .....  /.  .......  I.  ...I  ......  /.../.  .....  Li..-L/... 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


43 


American  .t 


afford 


evidence 


agent 


opportunity...  order  ..£-.. 


upper . 


.U.... 


only 


enter  c_^.....  articles 


above 


enough 


awaiting  elevator  after  agencies  action  earliest 
enclosing  apples  apart  office  appreciate  abstract 
against  affection  arrears  Europe  amount  abolish 
another  affair  accordingly  element  evident  one 
on  entirely  apply  application  demurrage. 


44 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


A  small  curl  before  s  or  z  denotes  a  or  e;  as,  assume 


A  large  curl  denotes  o  or  u;  as,  ostensible 


Word  sign-Acknowlege 


READING  EXERCISE. 


J.,.  _Z. 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


45 


Your  favor  of  the   15th  received  and  goods  will  be 
shipped  today. 

The  addition  to  the  property  adjoins  Olive  Street. 

The  rate  offered  per  annum  will  be  announced  at  the 
annual  meeting. 

The  average  ability  of  our  employees  is  above  criticism. 

We  assure  you  the  engineer  was  not  responsible  for 
the  error. 

Kindly  make  a  memorandum  for  me  that  the  goods 
ordered  must  be  delivered  this  afternoon. 

Answering  your  esteemed  favor,  we  quote  you  our 
prices  on  white  lead,  acids,  and  oils. 

The  arbitrary  action  of  the  attorney  has  affected  pub- 
lic opinion. 


46  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

PRACTICAL  PHRASES. 

A. 
about  the  matter and  have  a if.... 

all  of  the x"^-  •  •  and  have  the lr. 


all  right ^X_  anc|  nave  your 

all  such- .(*.....  and  have  been  . 

and  give  or  gave      J  and  have  not I/ 

and  give  a  p....  and  have  not  been 

and  give  the A! and  a rl 


and  gave  your  letter  ....^- and  I  -  the 


and  give  your  ^ and  is  a 

and  give  us  <)..  and  see  the ...  b-. 

and  have b....  and  so  the | 


PRACTICAL  PHRASES. 


47 


and  so  forth,  etc. 


as  you  can  use 


and  use  a at  all 


any  one  ^r^-^  ................  .....     at  any  time 


anything  about  ...^T^  ...........     at  once 


anything  less  ...  at  this  time    (—^- 


anything  more  ....'^r'*—  >  ......     at  the  same  time 


as  far  as  .........  Q.,  .....................  ...     at  another  time 


as  you  will Q/A - at  your  leisure 

as  you  will  have  .  .<^^. advise  you  A  

as  soon  as  you  can  ...Q..*^'  as  you  are  aware 

n 

as  soon  as  possible 

as  well  as. r> before  and  after 


48 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


before  us &S can  you  say 


circumstances 
in  the  case. 


by  your  ..r^.  .............................    contents  noted 


by  all  means  .  ......  ."„>  .....         could  give. 


by  or  before  the /L.. could  give  us 

by  our could  be 


7° 


by  the  time 

you  have  .....    ......  \J  ......     could  not  be 


can  be ..y.. dear  sir 


L 


can  give  us ./?.. does  not 


can  have 


U 

F. 


cannot  say  ./^L first  time  you  have. 


PRACTICAL  PHRASKS.  49 

for  instance t had  your  contract. 


for  it  is has  been. 

d 

for  it  is  to  your 

advantage...... have  a 


for  the  sake  of  .......  ...................     have  another  .. 

!£/ 

G.  have  been  .......  AJ. 


give  a  .......  r.  ...........................  ........     have  seen 

give  the  .......  b  ...............................     he  and  I 


<jive  the  matter  ..r!"^  ..............     hope  you  will  be 


give  you 


I 

give  your  letter VT iam 


H.  I  am  not 


I  am  in  receipt  of 
had  the..  .. your  letter 


50  MANUAL,  Of  SHORTHAND. 

I  am  in  receipt  of 

your  favor  r<^.... .    tf  you  have  been 


1  8ave ^ if  you  will  have 


I  gave  the  matter  ...-^>  if  the  matter  has  been 


if  the  matter  has 
1  have =2 not  been.. 


I  have  the....  if  vou  are  wimng 

I  have  been  rZ*.  if  you  have  time, ... 

I  have  your  favor  ......^ ff  j{  will  be    ... 

I  have  your  letter..  ..r^v. if  you  will  do  all 

I  may rrr^T^ if  our 


if  it  is  not ~rr. if  you  will  be 


if  it  is  to  your 

advantage ?*~~v^     if  you  will  give 


if  you  will V..... in  any  case. 


PRACTICAL  PHRASES  51 


in  fact  ^~^\ it  has  been  received 


in  receipt  of 

your  letter  **J*^*f~...     it  may  have  been  _. 


in  receipt  of  ^0 

your  favor  ....................      it  must  be 


in  all  things  .._>-^. it  is  impossible 

in  reply  ^^r^. it  is  in  the  .... 

in  the  first    .. .^ .....  *  is  reported 


1 

in  behalf ^ it  would  be  a.... 

L. 

in  the  future     ..."!T~^ 

let  us  hear  from 
you  soon 

in  the  meantime  ^~^~~^rrr. — - 


in  our  opinion 

it  can  be  .  ...5*.. may  our  ... 

it  has  been  done  ..   <a^\  .     maU  order 


52 


MANUAL  OJ?  SHORTHAND. 


N. 


no  doubt ^t-^. quite  certain 


o. 


R. 


off  and  on /...  real  estate 


of  it  ..../. _ _       receipt  of  your  letter 


of  its <). 


S. 


of  our / sometime 


ago 


of  all  the  things 


some  time  in 

the  future 


of  the  opinion ^>-  ••     seems  to  have  been 


on  the  whole 


.........     shall  not  be 


p. 


should  have  been 


per  annum ,^^f^.  should  not  be.. 


PRACTICAL  PHRASES. 


53 


square  deal  ...... ...St.. to  handle 


show  your 

appreciation.    .M to  make 


T. 


this  company  is  in 


this  matter 


this  morning 


this  time : 


to  reply    >..... 

U. 

ups  and  downs 


up  or  down 


under  the 


they  have  been ... 


there  is  not 


up  to-date 


W. 


the  time  has  come  ..^z?..       ways  and  means 

to  your  favor.... 

to  your  letter  _.„.. 


we  will  be  glad  to 
hear  from  you 


we  are  in  receipt  of 
your  letter 


to  give. 


we  are  in  receipt  of 

your  favor —, 


54 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


we  will  ship  you  the  ...J 


we  wish  to  say. 


we  would  be  glad 
to  give  you 


Y. 


we  thank  you Y^.. yOu 


are 


we  are  pleased   \*S........     you 


wish  to  inform  you 


gave. ... 


gave  your 


we  will  give 

your  letter LV^" you  gave  us _ 


we  will  see  to 

this  matter <br^/<TN.      you  gave  us  your 


we  will  be  pleased 


you  gave  a 


we  have  been    ./O you  gave  the 


we  gave  your  letter 


you  have  the 


we  have  your  letter  .^r.....      you  have  been 


we  will  be  glad U you  may  have  been 


PRACTICAL  PHRASES. 


55 


you  may  see  me you  must  be  .,.. 


you  may  ship 

by  express . 


you  will  have 


•you  can  if  you  will 


you  can  give 


you  can  give  the 


you  will  have  the 


your  letter  at  hand. 


you  can  give  us 


you  will  do. 


V 


you  can  have ^y^ii you  will  be 


56  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

REVIEW  OF  WORD  SIGNS. 

a- 2        b-6       d-5         f-  2        g-5          h-1  j.i       j 

k-4         1-2      m-4        n-5        p-3          r-3  s-5 

t  -  1  .     u-1        v-3        x  -  3        y  -  2        ch-3  ticks  -  4 

\?                                                       / 
advice-advise develop-ed-ment  .  (_-__ . 

advertise-ed-ment. ^ difficulty  _j! _. 

business if _ 

before-belong /.. of /... _..._ 

beyond _ ..J. give-gave-given 


observe-ed-ation gentlemen 

•J 

object-ed.... _7 gentleman 


subject - - — .     glad | 

disappoint-ed-ment govern-ed-ment 


diploma-cy-atic .M hope _ 

defend-ed-ant A into 


REVIEW   OF  WORD   SIGNS. 


57 


advantage...  £/. in-any  _. 


think-thank 


under 


company. 


understand. 


from-form 


understood. 


acknowledge  ..... 


possible-ly  ... 


will-well . 


public 


all. 


superintendent 


month 


are-or-our.__.— -^T-r- « 


immediately....^^ _ ......       recognized 


memorandum 


represent-republic 


is-his 


notwithstanding  .....^-,. as-has 


58  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


us-used  useful  extra 

o 


satisfy-ed-action CL_ yet .\ 

establish -ment....Q_I>... you x 


take -took -taken  ....^^^...  which 


ult-until  ..  each... 


half- have  . \ much 

V 

ever-very-every \ thing '.. 

favor V__ such-shall-shipped  ....  I.. 

accept cr^ a-an-and l - 

except .... „ I-the -.....<. „ 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


59 


Dear  Sir: 

"We  sent  you  on  the  8th  inst.,  as  per  your  request, 
shipment  of  wire,  which  we  trust  will  prove  satisfactory. 
Our  President  will  be  in  your  city  in  the  course  of  a 
week,  and  will  call  frequently  at  your  factory  and  will 
use  his  judgment  as  to  payments.  If  the  wire  is  not 
what  you  wish,  advise  him,  and  we  -will  then  change  the 
order. 

Respectfully, 


C..,.A 


../.. 


•^ 


Vw  .^ 


7 


> 


60 


MANUAI,  01?  SHORTHAND. 


Gentlemen: 

Your  letter  is  received.  As  you  are  in  the  city,  we 
will  meet  you  in  our  office,  as  we  have  letters  of  interest 
to  give  you.  We  are  in  a  great  hurry  to  have  the 
matter  settled.  If  you  are  to  be  in  the  city  for  some 
time,  say  two  or  three  weeks,  we  will  do  all  we  can  to 
make  your  visit  a  pleasant  one.  We  think  St.  Louis  is 
a  very  interesting  city. 

We  thank  you  for  your  kindness,  and  hope  you  will 
do  well  while  here. 

Respectfully, 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


61 


Dear  Sir: 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  5th,  would  say  that  you 
can  blame  no  one  but  yourself  for  the  unpleasant  position 
in  which  you  are  placed.  These  gentlemen  cannot  be 
accused  of  forcing  themselves  into  this  transaction. 

I  imagine  your  contract  with  their  President  was  that 
your  shipments  of  lump  coal  were  to  be  sent  to  their 
East  Side  Depot.  Now,  to  illustrate  our  point,  you  must 
admit  that  if  you  forced  them  into  a  controversy,  they 
are  not  to  be  blamed.  I  hope  you  will  think  this  matter 
over  and  let  it  drop. 

Respectfully, 


). ac.. A 


f  z^ 

//         J 

\                                          •    ^                                                                               \ 

-^  .A,..,  -_>.  a-,.  

/J       X5      ^  - 
•„•;•:  '•*  a^;  7  ^    ^  

..k... 


^  <         fl 

«-') tf --r 


-^~  / 


c 


62 


MANUAL  01?  SHORTHAND. 


Gentlemen: 

In  the  future  will  you  please  have  shipments  of  lump 
coal  sent  to  our  East  Side  Depot  ?  Will  you  kindly  ad- 
vise your  President  of  this  request  ?  We  understand 
that  all  matters  of  importance  must  be  referred  to  him. 

When  we  made  our  contract  with  you,  your  President 
then  agreed,  as  a  matter  of  accommodation,  to  have  our 
shipments  of  lump  coal  sent  to  our  East  Side  Depot. 
You  must  admit  that  we  are  in  the  right.  Mr.  Brown 
is  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  subject,  and  will  dis- 
miss parties  at  fault,  and  will  prevent  a  controversy 
arising  if  possible,  but  we  do  not  wish  you  to  contradict 
our  rights  in  the  matter. 

Respectfully, 


.......  ......    <  ......         ...... 

b- 


v.v  ......  __  */•  .......  u  .........  i  ........  f 


READING  AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


63 


Dear  Sir : 

Considering  the  circumstances  of  the  contribution  from 
the  International  Association,  you  are  willing  to  admit 
that  from  the  treatment  you  have  received  it  is  evident 
that  they  depend  upon  you  to  extricate  the  Company 
from  the  position  in  which  it  has  been  placed.  You  will 
see  the  justice  of  this  yourself  when  you  consider  the 
risk  they  run  in  allowing  their  former  President  such 
freedom  of  speech.  "We  will  dictate  your  policy  to  our 
stenographer,  if  you  wish,  and  submit  it  to  the  general 
committee  who  have  charge  of  the  Republican  branch  in 
the  governmental  party. 

Trusting  that  you  will  be  willing  to  have  us  do  this 
for  you  and  that  you  will  not  feel  that  you  have  been 
forced  in  this  matter,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


64 


MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 


Dear  Sir : 

You  must  admit  that  you  made  a  mistake  when  you 
went  into  the  controversy,  and  you  must  not  blame 
them  for  asking  to  have  a  receiver  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  your  business.  You  promised  to  deliver  their 
lump  coal  to  their  East  Side  Depot  and  should  have  kept 
your  agreement  and  have  been  willing  to  prepay  charges. 
They  could  not  afford  to  lose  their  profit  because  you 
met  with  an  accident.  Your  business  was  in  good  con- 
dition at  the  time  and  you  were  fully  aware  that  it  is  not 
good  policy  to  countermand  an  order  after  it  has  been, 
given. 

As  you  have  said  before,  you  have  no  one  to  blame  but 
yourself  for  the  difficulties  in  which  you  find  yourself. 
The  other  parties  were  compelled  to  protect  themselves. 

Respectfully, 


READING -AND  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


65 


Gentlemen : 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  5th  inst.  Kindly 
give  this  subject  your  attention,  and  be  governed  by  the 
facts  in  the  case.  We  acknowledge  that  you  are  granting 
us  a  great  favor  in  accepting  our  form  of  government. 
Make  a  memorandum  on  all  points  that  are  not  clear  to 
you,  and  at  the  meeting  we  shall  be  glad,  to  go  over  with 
you  all  matters  except  those  of  minor  importance,  and 
we  will  do  our  best  to  make  things  clear  to  you. 

We  would  -also  advise  you  to  use  diplomacy  as  to 
what  shipments  you  make,  and  not  to  advertise  this 
business  for  some  time.  Have  you  sent  check  for  one- 
half  the  subscription  for  the  manufacturers'  monthly 
bulletin  ?  If  not,  send  same  as  soon  as  possible. 

Respectfully, 


66  MANUAL  OF  SHORTHAND. 

Gentlemen : 

The  gentleman  who  will  establish  this  business  has 
not  yet  been  taken  into  any  company.  Notwithstanding 
this,  I  understood  that  the  Superintendent  of  his  com- 
pany would  be  very  much  disappointed  if  he  could  not 
satisfy  the  public  that  there  would  be  no  difficulty  in 
getting  enough  money  to  begin  work  immediately. 

I  recognize  that  each  and  every  one  of  you  has  agreed 
to  take  no  advantage  that  may  accrue  under  the  terms  of 
the  proposition,  but  I  think  that  before  we  ever  accept 
such  a  settlement  it  is  important  that  you  all  sign  the 
paper  which  was  presented  to-day.  Our  object,  as  you 
will  observe,  is  to  establish  beyond  the  shadow  of  a 
doubt  that  the  business  will  be  a  paying  one. 

If  any  further  difficulties  develop,  we  will  represent 
you  and  defend  your  interests  until  you  arrive. 

Respectfully, 


L, 

.  0-3  . 

fL 

> 

..°..-'.     ^  .x 

/ 

v  .' 

.i_-  I- 

/ 

•0 

\   s 

L 

)  ^ 

^            /            *** 
„       /I 

f^.i 

_ 

/ 

-^\S 

J 

sr-^...y'..  ~. 

°—7    - 
^ 

"o  »-Jty*&- 

—  ' 

/?  x^\  ^-  ^ 

^_-^ 

? 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


WAY  1.4  1943 
NOV  21 1961 


Form  L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)  444 


UNIVERSITY  ot  CAJUi<UKl>iiA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


256 

H529m 

1911 


